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Television broadcasting - audio standards
Audio standards have developed just as much as video standards. Original television
broadcasting was done so in monolog. Today, most all broadcasters use analog or digital stereo.
Below are the standards used in today's broadcasting.
- MTS - Multichannel Television Sound
- This is one of the first developed stereo sound systems.
MTS is used in conjunction with NTSC/525, mainly in North America and parts of South America.
MTS consists of two independent singles each carrying a discrete channel.
One channel provides stereo sound by providing
left/right channel difference signals relative to transmitted mono audio track.
The second carrier carries the Secondary Audio Program (SAP) which is used for a
second language or a descriptive commentary for the blind.
- FM-FM
- FM-FM is used in Germany, Austria, Holland, Switzerland and Australia.
This standard uses a twin channel to transmit analogue FM stereo transmissions.
Like MTS, the secondary channel can be used to transmit a second language.
- NICAM - Near Instantaneously Companded Audio Multiplex
- NICAM, officially called NICAM 728. It is used throughout Europe and Asia.
NICAM is a digital two-channel audio transmission system with a sub-code selection
of bilingual operation. Because it is digital, playback is that of near Compact Disc quality.
- EIAJ - Electronics Industry Association of Japan
- EIAJ was developed and is used in Japan. Developed in the 1970s, EIAJ mark is that
it uses a subcarrier within the main FM audio carrier, but it's an FM subcarrier
rather than the suppressed AM subcarrier used in the U.S. system or in FM radio broadcasting.
- Zweiton
- Zweiton was developed out of A2 German Stereo in the early 1980s and is used throughout Europe
and Asia. Zweiton is digital stereo. Like the other systems,
Zweiton has a main carrier signal and a secondary carrier signal
usually used for the audio of a second language.
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